Social determinants of mathematics and science achievement in historical context

This review shows how the Sputnik shock in USA and reunification Germany initiated comparative studies that shed light on role of economic, cultural, political social contexts education. The results waves research factors effective mathematics teaching have shown different socio-political circumstances create (e.g. degree ability stratification, parental attention teachers’ expectations) for students’ development these conditions strongly influence their affective characteristics. A number important variables were identified, including self-concept, self-esteem, interest, curiosity attitudes. Research findings described mediating moderating mechanisms variables, e.g. grouping influences then it impacts motivation finally determines achievement. experience from early work was utilised designing more comprehensive large-scale international assessment programmes with aim supporting evidence-based